1 Mar 2020 ... Answer: What is your job title and what exactly do you do?: I am an Astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. My job involves ...GalileoAlfredo Dagli Orti/Shutterstock.com Galileo (1564–1642), Italian natural philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer, devised new scientific ways to investigate the mysteries of nature. His methods were based on mathematics and geometry and not on philosophical theories. Throughout his long career, Galileo revolutionized many fields in science, …What is an Agronomist? An agronomist works in the field of agriculture, and acts as the go-between for farmers and crop researchers. Agronomists have a wide range of work, but their role is best summed up as a “crop doctor.”. They are concerned with the health and well-being of crops used for food production, fuel, and land reclamation.1 Haz 2011 ... Typically, an astronomer begins with a Bachelors of Science in Astronomy or a related field (math, physics, etc.), followed by a PhD in ...A British astronomer, essentially, is a scientist who aims to explain the fundamental processes that rule the universe. Astronomy jobs will aspire to push the boundaries of our knowledge of how it works through theoretical study and observation. The career has two areas, observational astronomy or theoretical astronomy.The .5-meter Reginald Buller telescope is used for instructional purposes and to share our love of astronomy with the public. SDSU's Department of Astronomy offers incredible opportunities for students to gain experience as leaders, researchers and science teachers. Frequent outreach events and department gatherings foster a close-knit feel ...ISRO usually recruits professionals with a masters in mechanical, electrical or computer engineering or a PhD in Astronomy, Physics, or Mathematics. Physicists concentrate on the field’s theoretical aspects as well as laboratory equipment. They are in charge of how things work in space, while astronomers research stars, planets, galaxies, …Careers in astronomy require advanced knowledge of math and science concepts, and in some cases, specialization in computer programming and engineering. Whether you're currently an astronomy major or you're considering a career in astronomy, you may wonder which jobs are available for you.25 Tem 2023 ... Astronomy versus astrology; Jobs in astronomy; Additional resources; Bibliography. Astronomy is one of the oldest scientific disciplines that ...Product. Sales. Senior UI Engineer San Francisco - Full Time Engineering. Sales Development Representative (San Jose) San Jose - Full Time Sales. Product Marketing Manager Remote (United States) - Full Time Product. Grow your career alongside a world-class team building out the future of data engineering. We can divide astronomy into 4 sub-fields: ASTROPHYSICS: Applying the laws of physics in space. ASTROMETRY: Mapping celestial bodies. ASTROGEOLOGY: Examining rocks, terrain, and material in space. ASTROBIOLOGY: Searching for life outside Earth. And we can categorize it into 17 branches of astronomy.Astronomy is a branch of science that studies space, celestial objects, and the universe as a whole. A lot of astronomy is studying chemistry, physics, and mathematics. It is a great career path with many different options on which way to go. In the astronomy industry, as well as in any other industry, jobs and their salaries will vary.Galileo, in full Galileo Galilei, (born February 15, 1564, Pisa [Italy]—died January 8, 1642, Arcetri, near Florence), Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method.His formulation …9 Career Options In Astronomy. A science degree in astronomy can provide you with numerous career opportunities to explore the nature of the universe and its properties. Some jobs may require doing research in a lab, while others may involve working in a college classroom, meteorology department or space station. ...Astronomer schooling takes four years to complete. In these four years, you can earn a bachelor’s degree and get experience in math, science, and computers. These subjects can help you in your career as an astronomer. If you major in astronomy, you learn about the universe. You study space and the history of it.Astronomy is a promising career if you’re interested in being a scientist or enjoy studying the stars. The best part about astronomy is that many different types of jobs are available. Furthermore, astronomers have outstanding salaries and excellent job satisfaction. In addition, an astronomer requires developing investigative interests in ...Careers in Astronomy What is an astronomer? When you look up into the sky at night you see the stars as pretty twinkling lights. An astronomer admires the beauty of the stars and other celestial objects and wants to …A PhD in astronomy or astrophysics from an accredited university is generally the basic academic criteria for becoming an astrophysicist. A maste’sr degree is suitable for those wishing to pursue a career in the field of applied research and development. Those with a bachelor’s degree can be employed as research assistants …Typical duties include developing and testing scientific theories, analyzing data, and writing research proposals. They also spend time composing scientific ...If you're eager to start photographing the night sky, but you want to do so on a budget, it can be done—even with just a smartphone and a telescope. If you're eager to start photographing the night sky, but you want to do so on a budget, it...Students selected for internship at IIA Bangalore campus are eligible for stipend of Rs. 10,000 per month (pro-rated) (except those falling under category A above).Johannes Kepler - Astronomy, Laws, Heliocentrism: The ideas that Kepler would pursue for the rest of his life were already present in his first work, Mysterium cosmographicum (1596; “Cosmographic Mystery”). Kepler had become a professor of mathematics at the Protestant seminary in Graz, Austria, in 1594, while also serving as the district mathematician and …Astronomy - Ancient, Celestial, Observations: Astronomy was the first natural science to reach a high level of sophistication and predictive ability, which it achieved already in the second half of the 1st millennium bce. The early quantitative success of astronomy, compared with other natural sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, and …When it comes to pursuing a career in astronomy, the United States offers a plethora of excellent colleges that provide robust programs to aspiring astronomers. These institutions go above and beyond in their commitment to nurturing the next generation of stargazers, offering courses that cover a wide range of aspects in this captivating field.Careers The ATNF is operated and managed by the Space and Astronomy business unit CSIRO - Australia's national science agency. (Until May 2021, the business unit was known as CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science.) Around 300 people are employed by Space and Astronomy, of which approximately 200 people work primarily with the ATNF.Astronomy Career - Allows new object discoveries with the Observatory's powerful Telescope. You can choose to be an Astrophysicist and specialize in finding these Celestial Objects, or elect to become a Space Explorer who can travel to another Planet and collect Star Dust and Dark Matter, which have high sell values.Edwin Hubble, American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the 20th century. Learn more about Hubble and his work, including his notable research and discoveries. ... After his father’s death in 1913, the …V irginia Trimble, 78, is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Irvine, whose astronomy career spans more than 50 years. She has studied the structure and evolution ...Typical duties include developing and testing scientific theories, analyzing data, and writing research proposals. They also spend time composing scientific ...Astronomer. Becoming a professional astronomer usually requires a PhD. …25 Tem 2023 ... Astronomy versus astrology; Jobs in astronomy; Additional resources; Bibliography. Astronomy is one of the oldest scientific disciplines that ...10 popular astronomy jobs 1. Senior technical writer. Primary duties: A successful career in technical writing is heavily supported by... 2. College professor. Primary duties: Those with astronomy degrees may choose to work in an academic environment, as... 3. Research scientist. Primary Duties: ...How to Become How to become an astronomer CareerExplorer's step-by-step guide on how to become an astronomer. In this article: Step 1: Is being a astronomer for me? Step 2: High School Step 3: Formal Education Steps Step 4: Fellowships Step 5: Employment Opportunities Step 6: Professional Associations Step 1 Is becoming an astronomer right for me?Falling out of love with my astronomy career dream led to something even better. 11 Aug 2022. 2:00 PM ET. By Olivia Lanes. ROBERT NEUBECKER. A version of …To pursue a career in astronomy, an individual typically obtains a Ph.D. Expect to finish your astronomy studies in about nine years. The following steps are typical for an …Career tips. Join an amateur astronomy group to share your interest, develop connections and get observation experience. Look out for summer schools like Space School UK. Further information. You can find more advice on careers in astronomy from the Royal Astronomical Society and SpaceCareers.uk.Astronomy: The Search for a Stellar Career. R esearchers generally agree that astronomy is in the midst of a golden age of discovery. Robotic spacecraft voyage …The average Astronomer salary in the United States is $122,187 as of September 25, 2023, but the range typically falls between $120,245 and $140,989. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.197 Astronomer jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Faculty, Post-doctoral Fellow, Archivist and more! ... Career Resources: Career Explorer - Salary Calculator. Amsterdam Physics & Astronomy Career Day 2023. The 10th edition of the ‘Amsterdam Physics & Astronomy Career Day will take place on October 27 in C0.110 at Amsterdam Science park 904. The morning session will focus on applying for jobs both within and outside of academia.7.8% Increase in Graduates. Astronomy & Astrophysics was the 219th most popular major in the 2020-2021 school year. Colleges in the United States reported awarding 1,375 degrees in this year alone. This is a difference of 107 over the prior year, a growth of 7.8%. Our 2023 Best Astronomy & Astrophysics Schools ranking analyzes 49 of these ...Home Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture Money Videos. Ptolemy was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived during the 2nd century CE. He is known for his geocentric (Earth-centred) model of the universe.9 Career Options In Astronomy. A science degree in astronomy can provide you with numerous career opportunities to explore the nature of the universe and its properties. Some jobs may require doing research in a lab, while others may involve working in a college classroom, meteorology department or space station. ...8 Eyl 2011 ... Title: Astronomy Career Profiles from the AAS Newsletter Archives; Authors: Travis Metcalfe, Leila Belkora, Liam McDaid, Blake Bullock, ...V irginia Trimble, 78, is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Irvine, whose astronomy career spans more than 50 years. She has studied the structure and evolution ...According to this article, the everyday responsibilities of an astronomer include collecting and analyzing data, working on research projects, writing scientific articles, and presenting your work at conferences. The job requires a lot of computer-based work and strong math skills. 2. Planetarium Director.1 Haz 2011 ... Typically, an astronomer begins with a Bachelors of Science in Astronomy or a related field (math, physics, etc.), followed by a PhD in ...A Career In Astronomy knowledge is also a key factor in astronomy. According to the American Astronomical Society, astronomers must be well rounded in the field of computers; they must know how to write programming, as well as interpret data that is collected from supercomputers that model cosmic jets and black holes (“Careers in Astronomy”).Benjamin Banneker, African American mathematician, astronomer, compiler of almanacs, inventor, and writer who helped survey Washington, D.C. He was also noted for essays and pamphlets in which he opposed slavery and supported civil rights. Learn more about Banneker’s life and career.Astrophysics is a science that uses the laws of physics, chemistry, and math to explain how the universe works. Astronomy is the study of things in outer space, like galaxies, planets, stars, asteroids, comets, nebulae, and different phenomena occurring in outer space. Cosmology is the study of the entire universe, from its violent beginnings ...Astronomy. Astronomy majors learn about the universe by studying physics and chemistry as they relate to celestial objects. Students often take courses in calculus, astrophysics, astronomical techniques, and mechanics. Some astronomy majors become college faculty members, while others work at federal laboratories.Job registers and career advice maintained by institutions in the Americas, Europe and the UK. AAS Career Services - job register, employment statistics and ...Internships, jobs, graduate schools, employers, resources, and career links for Astronomy majors.The highest paying astronomy jobs come with a fair level of responsibility and hard work. But if you enjoy your work and love the world you're exploring; you'll do well in any position. Our findings have been drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, various career platforms, and other major sources.Mar 1, 2023 · 9 Career Options In Astronomy. A science degree in astronomy can provide you with numerous career opportunities to explore the nature of the universe and its properties. Some jobs may require doing research in a lab, while others may involve working in a college classroom, meteorology department or space station. Johannes Kepler - Astronomy, Laws, Heliocentrism: The ideas that Kepler would pursue for the rest of his life were already present in his first work, Mysterium cosmographicum (1596; “Cosmographic Mystery”). Kepler had become a professor of mathematics at the Protestant seminary in Graz, Austria, in 1594, while also serving as the district mathematician and …Astronomy is an amazing & a promising career for the students, those are interested in the mysteries of the universe. A career in Astronomy is broadly divided as Theoretical or Observational though. Theoretical Research career is typically involves doing Bachelors in Engineering or Technology or Masters in Physics with the basic knowledge in ... 20 Mar 2017 ... Top 10 universities worldwide for studying a masters in astronomy. Your career prospects will be enhanced if you study at a top university such ...Mar 14, 2023 · Here's a list of 10 astronomy careers, including an explanation of their primary duties and their national average salary: 1. Meteorologist. National average salary: $57,706 per year. Primary duties: A meteorologist studies and analyses land and atmosphere patterns, and can often forecast weather conditions. How to become an astronomer. Astronomers typically hold both an undergraduate degree and postgraduate credentials. The following steps outline the basic path many astronomers and astrophysicists take to enter their careers: 1. Attend university to complete an undergraduate degree. To attend university for a degree in astronomy, …That should open more career opportunities. My brother got a Bachelors Degree in Physics and could have minored in Mechanical Engineering with 2 or 3 extra classes. There's always openings for Engineers, Physics seems like it would have less opportunities, and Astronomy seems like a very narrow field for opportunities.Astronomy is an amazing & a promising career for the students, those are interested in the mysteries of the universe. A career in Astronomy is broadly divided as Theoretical or Observational though. Theoretical Research career is typically involves doing Bachelors in Engineering or Technology or Masters in Physics with the basic knowledge in ... How to Become How to become an astronomer CareerExplorer's step-by-step guide on how to become an astronomer. In this article: Step 1: Is being a astronomer for me? Step 2: High School Step 3: Formal Education Steps Step 4: Fellowships Step 5: Employment Opportunities Step 6: Professional Associations Step 1 Is becoming an astronomer right for me?197 Astronomer jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Faculty, Post-doctoral Fellow, Archivist and more! ... Career Resources: Career Explorer - Salary Calculator.Sep 25, 2023 · We can divide astronomy into 4 sub-fields: ASTROPHYSICS: Applying the laws of physics in space. ASTROMETRY: Mapping celestial bodies. ASTROGEOLOGY: Examining rocks, terrain, and material in space. ASTROBIOLOGY: Searching for life outside Earth. And we can categorize it into 17 branches of astronomy. Overview Listen to this section. Astronomers think big! They want to understand the entire universe—the nature of the Sun, Moon, planets, stars, galaxies, ...Falling out of love with my astronomy career dream led to something even better. 11 Aug 2022. 2:00 PM ET. By Olivia Lanes. ROBERT NEUBECKER. A version of …Astronomy Career Research Paper. 1035 Words5 Pages. I have chosen astronomy. I chose this career because I have always been interested in the stars and planets. There are many things that appeal to me about this career such as the way the stars look at night and how colorful nebulas are. I have always been really fascinated with space and when ...A Career In Astronomy knowledge is also a key factor in astronomy. According to the American Astronomical Society, astronomers must be well rounded in the field of computers; they must know how to write programming, as well as interpret data that is collected from supercomputers that model cosmic jets and black holes (“Careers in Astronomy”).Careers in astronomy are diverse, including roles such as planetary geologists, astrobiologists, cosmologists and telescope design engineers. Some institutions hire public engagement specialists, where your role as an astronomer includes sharing knowledge and developing programmes for school children and the wider public.The introductory courses for Astronomy and Astrophysics majors and minors are as follows: Astronomy 2291: Basic Astrophysics & Planetary Astronomy (3 cr) Astronomy 2292: Stellar, Galactic, & Extragalactic Astronomy & Astrophysics (3 cr) Astronomy 2895: Topics in Astrophysics Seminar (1 cr) Astronomy 3350: Methods of Astronomical …Careers. As per the American Institute of Physics (AIP), over half of astronomers (58%) who earned their bachelor’s degrees in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 entered the job market. They established careers in the private sector, education, government, the military and others. (People use either ‘astronomy’ or ‘astrophysics’ to ... View all Careers | West Virginia University jobs in Morgantown, WV - Morgantown jobs - Post-doctoral Fellow jobs in Morgantown, WV; Salary Search: Postdoctoral Research Associate - Department of Physics & Astronomy, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences salaries in Morgantown, WV; See popular questions & answers about Careers | West Virginia ...Discover 20 rewarding INTJ careers that align with your mastermind personality. Explore thriving paths in tech, data, design, and more for INTJ professionals seeking career success. ... Astronomy combines many things that INTJs enjoy or are good at, including mathematics, heavy knowledge absorption, and tons of curiosity. …12 Eki 2022 ... There are many different careers in astronomy that people can choose from. Astronomy is the study of celestial objects and space.Questions and Answers about Careers in Astronomy. 1. My question is, what was Einstein's biggest and most important contribution to the world of physics ...Career tips. Join an amateur astronomy group to share your interest, develop connections and get observation experience. Look out for summer schools like Space School UK. Further information. You can find more advice on careers in astronomy from the Royal Astronomical Society and SpaceCareers.uk. What level of education is required for Astronomers? 57% of Astronomers have a bachelor's degree, 36% major in physics. Learn all about Astronomer educational requirements, degrees, majors, certifications, online courses, and top colleges that will help you advance in an Astronomer career.Math is used in astronomy to calculate routes for satellites, rockets and space probes. In addition, math is used in the global positioning system, for transmitting messages when data is compressed, and for coding the images and element mod...Astronomer is a career featured in The Sims 3: Into the Future. Sims can be employed from the newspaper, computer, or stellar observatory. This is one of the only two career tracks that Sims can be employed in Oasis Landing, with the other being Bot Arena career. The career mainly focuses on Advanced Technology skill, which makes the residents of Oasis Landing very suitable to work in this ...Aug 3, 2023 · 10 popular astronomy jobs. 1. Senior technical writer. National average salary: $70,024 per year. Primary duties: A successful career in technical writing is heavily supported ... 2. College professor. 3. Research scientist. 4. Planetarium director. 5. Meteorologist. To obtain a career as an astronomer in India, you must have a bachelor's degree in physics, astronomy, or a related field. You must have completed your 10+2 in a science stream with major subjects such as Physics , Chemistry , and Mathematics with a minimum aggregate of 50 per cent from a recognised board.25 Tem 2023 ... Astronomy versus astrology; Jobs in astronomy; Additional resources; Bibliography. Astronomy is one of the oldest scientific disciplines that ...Here are some common types of astronomers and a brief description of what they do: Observational Astronomers: Observational astronomers focus on collecting and analyzing data from celestial objects using... Theoretical Astrophysicists: Theoretical astrophysicists use mathematical models and computer ...They would normally find employment at astronomical research facilities (observatories), university departments and government research institutions like the SAAO. Outside of astronomy, graduates would also find work in fields like data science, software development, aerospace, financial services and telecommunication. Transit, in astronomy, is the passage of one celestial body across the disc (face) of a larger, more distant body, or across the observer's meridian. Learn more about transit. Advertisement Transit, in astronomy, the passage of one celestia...The Astronaut Career is arguably one of the toughest to get promoted in The Sims 4 given it's hard to maintain a positive mood during long shifts, but rewards you with a lot of neat objects and abilities. It synergizes with the Rocket Science Skill, along with Fitness. As an Astronaut, you get an unique Space Ship, free, while other Sims must ...E gyptian-American astrophysicist Sarafina El-Badry Nance’s debut memoir, Starstruck, offers a window on what it is like growing up to be a scientist today as a woman of colour.Nance, 30, is a ...
Astronomy - Ancient, Celestial, Observations: Astronomy was the first natural science to reach a high level of sophistication and predictive ability, which it achieved already in the second half of the 1st millennium bce. The early quantitative success of astronomy, compared with other natural sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, and meteorology (which were also cultivated in ... . Codi heur
Physics and astronomy Ph.D. holders who seek employment as researchers may begin their careers in a postdoctoral research position, typically for 2 to 3 years. Senior scientists supervise these researchers as they gain experience and independence doing increasingly complex tasks. Important Qualities. Analytical skills.Salary levels are High for Astronomy. For fresher average salary is more than 5 Lacs. Fees levels of the course is Medium. To pursue this course student need to spend 3 to 4 Lakhs. Level of preparation for Astronomy is High. Students spend more than 1 Year. to prepare for entrance test of Astronomy. 1.Apr 23, 2021 · Astronomy majors have a more flexible curriculum and can combine coursework with other areas of interest, and these students may go on to careers in medicine, journalism, law or education. 1. Senior technical writer National average salary: $70,024 per year Primary duties: A successful career in technical writing is heavily supported by expert-level knowledge in a particular subject. Professionals with an astronomy degree may choose to work as technical writers.The American Astronomical Society provides a variety of resources for career astronomers and those with astronomy-powered career aspirations. Check out their links on this page for workshops, advice, networking, events, in-person meetings, internships and summer jobs, and various pathways that your education and career can take you.RSS Feed. Astronomy and astrophysics are the study of objects and phenomena that are found beyond our solar system. This combines theoretical simulations and observation with both terrestrial and ...Choosing Astronomy as a career path Along with the students, even the parents are now considering Space Science as a career option for their kids. And are thus exploring and searching for academic ...Mar 14, 2023 · Here's a list of 10 astronomy careers, including an explanation of their primary duties and their national average salary: 1. Meteorologist. National average salary: $57,706 per year. Primary duties: A meteorologist studies and analyses land and atmosphere patterns, and can often forecast weather conditions. May 2, 2019 · An aerospace engineer specializes in the design, development, and maintenance of aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and other related systems. 6. Data Analyst. Astronomy majors' computational and analytical skills are in high demand across a wide range of industries. For this reason, pursuing a career in data analysis can be a natural next step. Some notable ones include: Critical thinking and problem solving. Astronomers often have to interpret complex scenarios to account for multiple... Coding. A large number of astronomers use Python, a versatile programming language that is widely used in other fields... Statistical Analysis. ...Jan 20, 2006 · Astronomy: The Search for a Stellar Career. R esearchers generally agree that astronomy is in the midst of a golden age of discovery. Robotic spacecraft voyage to distant planets while giant mountaintop observatories and space-based telescopes probe the edge of the Universe. Modern astronomy has moved light years ahead with the opening up to ... Physics plays a crucial role in healthcare. In hospitals, medical physicists deliver radiation to patients, either helping diagnose disease through nuclear medical imaging or fighting diseases like cancer with radiotherapy. Away …Product. Sales. Senior UI Engineer San Francisco - Full Time Engineering. Sales Development Representative (San Jose) San Jose - Full Time Sales. Product Marketing Manager Remote (United States) - Full Time Product. Grow your career alongside a world-class team building out the future of data engineering. Edwin Hubble, American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the 20th century. Learn more about Hubble and his work, including his notable research and discoveries. ... After his father’s death in 1913, the …Astronomer Career Options - Get information about Astronomer as a Career - Job Profile, Employment Opportunities, Recruiting Companies, Salary, and Education Information.7.8% Increase in Graduates. Astronomy & Astrophysics was the 219th most popular major in the 2020-2021 school year. Colleges in the United States reported awarding 1,375 degrees in this year alone. This is a difference of 107 over the prior year, a growth of 7.8%. Our 2023 Best Astronomy & Astrophysics Schools ranking analyzes 49 of these ...Original Rudraksha to Bless Your Way. Bring Good Luck to your Place with Feng Shui. Praise the Lord with Divine Energies of Mala. Keep Your Place Holy with Jadi. Daily Magaram Rasi Palan, also written as மகரம் ராசிபலன் in Tamil, is here. Today's Tamil Horoscope for Capricorn is based on Tamil Astrology.Additionally, taking part in science clubs and competitions can help develop research skills and provide exposure to the field of astronomy. Related: 6 Careers in Space Science (Plus Benefits and Skills) Undergraduate. To pursue a career in astronomy, you often obtain a Bachelor's degree in astronomy, physics or a closely related field.Jun 14, 2023 · Astronomy offers various career paths in aerospace, technology, public policy, and more. Skills and education in astronomy require a PhD degree for many job opportunities, but support positions may be available with Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees. Berkeley SETI Research Center Summer Research Undergraduate Internships. Boulder Solar Alliance REU Program in Solar and Space Physics. Bryce Canyon Astronomy Outreach Internship. Caltech LIGO SURF Program. Carnegie Astrophysics Summer Student Internship (CASSI) Program. Carnegie Earth and Planets Laboratory (EPL) …Astronomy can be generally defined as the study of space beyond the Earth's atmosphere, focusing on the location, size, distribution, motion, composition, and evolution of the sun, planets, stars and other celestial phenomena. Almost all astronomers have an undergraduate degree in astronomy or astrophysics, and many have graduate degrees..